Powder factor is simply an economic tool to evaluate various blast designs, as numerous variables will dramatically change the powder factor of the blast to where it can fall anywhere between to pounds per cu. yd. No method exists to accurately calculate a suitable range of ± pounds per cu. yd. that could be applied to a design ...
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The results showed that the optimum hole spacing was no more than m and the powder factor was no more than kg/m 3, and it proved that an effective casting percentage (ECP) of 34% could be realized. 1. Introduction Blastcasting practice in opencast coal mines is characterised by large blast hole diameter and large charges.
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The Cenozoicage Makum coal from northeastern India offers numerous research opportunities because of its diverse geochemical and geological characteristics. Due to its high sulfur content, the coal has been found to be less useful for industrial purposes. It can, however, serve as a hub for ongoing research on coalbased derivative products. The aim of this research work is to investigate the ...
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thickness of overburden coal seam thickness ground control surface protection requirements • Entry and crosscut widths generally range from 15 to 25 feet • Pillar sizes will generally range from 30 to 100 feet and have a rectangular configuration • Extraction Ratio is the ratio of coal removed compared to estimated in ...
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The Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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Overburden removal is a major activity of surface coal mining and accounts for over 6070% of the costs. Cast blasting is integral to overburden removal using draglines.
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To overcome the difficulties of overburden failure and surface subsidence induced by the slicing mining of extrathick coal seams, slicing filler paste is typically utilized. In this paper, a continuous curved beam mechanical model of paste filling mining was established by theoretical analysis against the background of the 3305 working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine, the main controlling factors ...
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In this light the present study was conducted in opencast coal mines to see the effect of Schmidt hammer rebound number or transformed compressive strength of rocks on powder factor. The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock types maintaining ...
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Coal dumps are also an important factor in the environmental degradation because the potentially toxic elements are directly released to the environment through the leaching and oxidation of pyrite. ... and overburden samples (LOB15A, LOB15B) (dump sites) were collected from the Ledo colliery (India). The coal and overburden samples were ...
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In this light the present study was conducted in opencast coal mines to see the effect of Schmidt ... Powder factor, Schmidt hammer, Rebound number, Rock mass, Overburden bench *** 1. INTRODUCTION Rock mass comprises several different rock types and is affected by different degrees of fracturing in varying stress ...
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment Joint plane orientation and spacing size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22.
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"Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirtyfive years have created a paradigm shift for drill and blast personnel at these large ...
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A term typically used in coal mining to refer to a separate process of overburden removal, prior to the main pass of the dragline or stripping fleet. Production Blasting. The type of blasting most commonly used in a mine, as distinct from development, trim, presplit, ramp or other special blasts. Powder Factor
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Highwall mining is a coal mining method for recovery of outcropped coal by mechanical excavation without removal of overburden. A continuous miner with single or multiple ... other factors. Figure 2 shows a comparison of the annual produ ction rates and producti vities of US coal mines. Surface mines have very few limitations on the operation ...
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The POWDER FACTOR is a relationship between how much rock is broken and how much explosive is used to break it. It can serve a variety of purposes, such as an indicator of how hard the rock is, or the cost of the explosives needed, or even as a guide to planning a shot.
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The powder factor (specific charge) is the mass of explosives bei ng used (kg) to break a cubic meters volume of rock and is calculated using equation 3 below.
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This paper presents an investigation on the interactions of overburden failure zones induced by the mining of adjacent coal seams using the longwall caving method. Overburden failure is an important factor in safety assessments in the fields of mining engineering geology and safety geology, especially when mining under water bodies. In this study, the influence of the thickness and properties ...
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holes may be loaded. Threedimensional drillandblast software can pro. vide the designer with tools to interactively categorize. the blastholes that control how the holes are charged and ...
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Abstract Drill and blast is the excavation method adopted to remove overburden material at the open pit coal mine of PT Buma Job Site Lati. Recently, the company applied deep hole drilling for blasting with double rods to reach the depth of 1018 m. ... Correlation of powder factors used for overburden preparation with physical properties of ...
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The general physical factors causally related to the environmental effects of surface coal mining are climate, topography, overburden, coal, hydrology, and land use. Each factor is described by a series of parameters, and each parameter may have several possible values. These parameters and possible values are shown in Table
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Today we are going to talk about what role powder factor plays in our daytoday applications of drilling and blasting. Powder factor is expressed in many different forms. Essentially it is a measurement of explosives per quantity of rock. The typical variation of this that we use on a daily basis is how many pounds of explosives per cubic yard ...
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The results are plotted graphically and are shown in : Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock vs Powder factor (PF) It is evident from the figure 7 that the powder factor is increases as the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is increases. Increase in UCS means rock mass is strong which requires more explosive energy to break.
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The general trend shows that, with increase in powder factor, the mean fragment size decreases.
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In blasting operations for removal of the overburden rocks, which have little or no inherent value, the powder factor is expressed in kg/m 3 [ 5 ]. Generally, the powder factor value varies from as low as to as much as kg/m 3 with kg/m 3 being the most common, in the open pit mines [ 6 ].
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Coal density is among the important parameters for reservoir engineering purposes and is inserted as an input property in simulation studies. Coal density is typically less than that of conventional reservoirs and differs from seam to seam based on the given coal rank and purity [2].The bulk density of a coal consists of the matrix and the void space, with the latter being expectedly filled ...
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Powder Factor Powder factor (PF) dapat didefinisikan sebagai jumlah bahan peledak yang digunakan dibagi dengan volume hasil ledakan dalam satuan kg/ton atau kg/m3. Definisi lain dari powder factor adalah rasio volume ledakan dengan jumlah bahan peledak yang
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The Powder River Basin. The Powder River Basin is a geologic structural basin in southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, about 120 miles (190 km) east to west and 200 miles (320 km) north to south, known for its extensive coal former hunting grounds of the Oglala Lakota, the area is very sparsely populated and is known for its rolling grasslands and semiarid climate.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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